
| Aids | The means by which a rider communicates with a horse. Weight, legs, arms are 'natural aids' and spurs and whips are 'artificial aids'. |
| Soft hands | The pressure of a rider's hands when holding the reins should be no more than a warm, friendly handshake. Tension in the rider's arms, hands, back, and shoulders can make the bit very uncomfortable for the horse. The rider's arms should remain supple at all times to flow with the horse's movement or 'give' with the horse. |
| Pre-purchase vet check | The pre-purchase vet examination is
a general health check up for the horse. If a horse will be used for
jumping, x-rays will show the how healthy the joints are.
Since Buck will be crossing state lines to return to Texas, a signed form showing his inoculations will be required. |
| Horse evaluation | Horse buying has a formal ritual of
its own. The horse is brought from his stall by his regular groom,
handled and cleaned up by his regular groom, walked, trotted and jogged
by his normal handler before his regular rider mounts and demonstrates
the horse under saddle. All those steps are done in front of the
prospective buyers. If the buyer is still interested, he or she mounts and rides before the buyer returns the horse to his stall and grooms him. The buyer or seller can stop the process at any time. Only then does the negotiation on price begin. |
| Thick, slow twist snaffle | Bits, the device that lies in the
horses mouth, who has a natural space between two molars called a bar,
come in all styles. A snaffle has two pieces, often metal, joined
together in the horse's mouth; it is the mildest bit. The thicker the pieces inside the horse's mouth are in circumference, the milder it is. The sizes are called fat or thick, medium, and thin. The pieces inside the horses mouth may be machined in a corkscrew fashion; the tighter the twist, the more severe the bit. The twist provides more incentive for the horse to cooperate with the rider's wishes. |
| Saddle parts | Pommel - The raised front of a
saddle. English saddles do not have a horn. Cantle – The raised back of a saddle. Tree – The foundation of a saddle originally made from wood may now be made from plastic or metal. The tree needs to fit the horse's back well. Stirrup leathers – A buckled leather strip that attaches the device the rider's foot rests in, the stirrup, to the saddle by sliding around a metal bar attached to the tree. |
| Lateral work | Movements where the horse is asked to move sideways as well as forward. This flexes the horse through his torso. |
| Holding his frame | The rider should be able to ask a horse to hold his head, neck, and body in a certain position while carrying his rider. When the horse continues to hold that position after the rider has requested it, he is 'holding his frame'. |
| In close to a jump | The horse and rider arrive at a take off spot in front of an obstacle, and the rider cues the horse to jump. Sometimes the rider misjudges the distance to the obstacle and asks the horse to jump when they are very close to it. |
| Diagonal | Arena – The line from one
corner of an arena to the non-adjacent corner. Trotting – The rider balances the horse by using the rider's body weight. When a horse trots, he has two diagonal feet off the ground with each stride. When posting to the trot, the horse lifts the rider from the saddle with the movement of his hindquarters. When riding in an arena, the rider should be out of the saddle when the inside, front leg is on the ground. |
| Square halt | When a horse stops, he should be in a straight line, have a leg firmly placed on the ground under each corner of his body. Some horses will swing their hindquarters to the side. |
| Flying change | When a horse canters, he is supported by a front foot alone during part of the stride; that leg is considered to lead. In arena riding, it is advantageous for the horse's balance for the leading front foot to be on the inside of any corner. |
| Double bridle | An advanced method of controlling a horse. The horse wears two bits in his mouth; one is severe, and one is less. A set of reins is attached to each bit so the rider has two pieces of leather threaded through her fingers on each hand. It allows the rider to communicate her wishes to the horse in a much subtler fashion. |